Popular Muscadine Cultivars in North Carolina
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Collapse ▲Wine/Juice Processing
Carlos
Ninety to ninety-five percent of the commercial muscadine production in North Carolina is Carlos. Carlos is a vigorous, productive, self-fertile cultivar bred in North Carolina. Uniform ripening facilitates mechanical harvesting of this cultivar. The primary use of Carlos is for wine and juice processing. It does have a dry stem scar, making it acceptable as a fresh market cultivar, though its small size and bitter, tough skin lowers its rating in consumer taste tests. Carlos also has a tendency to “brown” when placed on grocery shelves after being stored under refrigeration. Carlos is one of the most cold-tolerant cultivars when completely dormant in the winter. However, it is prone to early budbreak and may experience cold damage from late spring freezes or frosts (see Freeze Damage).
Noble
Noble is the primary red muscadine cultivar used in wine and juice production. It is a highly productive, vigorous, self fertile cultivar also bred in North Carolina. Its small size and wet stem scar prevent its use for anything but processing. Noble is relatively cold tolerant.
Doreen
Doreen is another self-fertile processing cultivar used for wine and juice in North Carolina. It is highly vigorous and productive, producing flavorful “football-shaped” fruit.
Magnolia
Magnolia is also a self-fertile processing cultivar originating from a North Carolina cross. It is used primarily in wine and juice processing due to its wet stem scar. Magnolia is known for its uneven ripening. Magnolia is relatively cold tolerant.
Welder
Welder is a self-fertile processing cultivar out of Florida. Vines are vigorous and productive. Welder has uniform ripening with a wet stem scar. Very little commercial acreage is currently grown in North Carolina
Fresh Marketing
Alachua
Alachua is a self-fertile cross out of Florida. It ripens uniformly with a dry stem scar. Alachua is primarily a fresh market cultivar.
Darlene
Darlene is a female cultivar available from Ison’s Nursery in Georgia. Fruit have excellent flavor with high sugar content, suitable for the fresh market.
Fry
Fry is a favorite U-pick muscadine cultivar out of Georgia. It is a female cultivar with a wet stem scar, limiting its usefulness in the retail market. Fry is prone to ripe rot and winter cold damage.
Granny Val
Granny Val is a large, self-fertile, fresh market cultivar available from Ison’s Nursery in Georgia. It ripens very late in North Carolina and may be subject to damage by wet weather in the fall. It also has a wet stem scar if picked under-ripe, so may be best suited to U-pick operations.
Jumbo
Jumbo is a large, black, female cultivar suitable for U-pick operations. Vines are vigorous and productive, but the fruit are astringent when under-ripe and have a strong undesirable flavor when over-ripe.
Nesbitt
Nesbitt is a large, black, self-fertile cultivar bred in North Carolina. Fruit ripens over a three-week period and is suitable for fresh marketing. It is one of the most cold-tolerant fresh market varieties available. Nesbitt is one of the top 5 fresh cultivars recommended in North Carolina.
Scarlett
Scarlett is a self-fertile, fresh market cultivar out of Georgia. It has good flavor and a dry stem scar, suitable for the fresh market.
Summit
Summit is a large, bronze, female cultivar out of Georgia. Vines are vigorous and productive, producing sweet fruit with a dry stem scar and uniform ripening. Summit is less susceptible to winter cold damage than many of the other fresh market cultivars out of Georgia. Summit is one of the top 5 fresh cultivars recommended in North Carolina.
Supreme
Supreme is a very large, black, female, fresh market cultivar available from Ison’s Nursery in Georgia. Its large size and edible skin make it a favorite in consumer taste tests. Supreme is one of the top 5 fresh cultivars recommended in North Carolina.
Sweet Jenny
Sweet Jenny is a very large, bronze, female cultivar. It has very good flavor and high sugar content, but its wet stem scar limits its suitability for retail sales. It will do well for U-pick operations and has good disease resistance and cold tolerance.
Tara
Tara is a large, self-fertile cultivar out of Georgia, similar in size and quality to Fry. It has good flavor, high sugar content, and a very dry stem scar. Tara is one of the top 5 fresh cultivars recommended in North Carolina.
Triumph
Triumph is a self-fertile cultivar out of Georgia. Production and vigor are good. Fruit can develop a slight reddish color when fully ripe, which some retail buyers dislike. Fruit ripen early in the season and have good flavor, high sugar content, and “crunchy” pulp. Triumph is one of the top 5 fresh cultivars recommended in North Carolina.
Characteristics of Popular Muscadine Cultivars in North Carolina
(from Whit Jones, Duplin County Cooperative Extension Agent, 2006; Updated by Mark Hoffmann, NC State Extension Specialist, 2023)
| Bronze | Black | |||||||
| Cultivar |
Ripening
|
Size
|
Stem Scar
|
Cultivar |
Ripening
|
Size
|
Stem Scar
|
|
| Early Fry (F) |
Very Early
|
Large
|
Wet
|
Sugargate (F) |
Early
|
Very Large
|
Wet
|
|
| Triumph (SF) |
Early
|
Medium
|
Dry
|
Noble (SF) |
Early-Mid
|
Very Small
|
Wet
|
|
| Carlos (SF) |
Early-Mid
|
Small
|
Wet
|
Supreme (F) |
Early-Mid
|
Very Large
|
Dry
|
|
| Florida Fry (SF) |
Early-Mid
|
Large
|
Dry
|
Ison (SF) |
Early-Mid
|
Large
|
Dry
|
|
| Summit (F) |
Early-Mid
|
Large
|
Dry
|
Polyanna (SF) |
Mid-season
|
Large
|
Dry
|
|
| Tara (SF) |
Early-Mid
|
Very Large
|
Dry
|
Alachua (SF) |
Mid-season
|
Medium
|
Dry
|
|
| Scarlett (F) |
Mid-season
|
Large
|
Dry
|
Nesbitt (SF) |
Mid-Late
|
Large
|
Dry
|
|
| Golden Isles (SF) |
Mid-Late
|
Medium
|
Dry
|
Rosa (red) (F) |
Mid-Late
|
Very Large
|
Wet
|
|
| Doreen (SF) |
Late-Very Late
|
Small
|
Wet
|
Black Fry (F) |
Mid-Late
|
Large
|
Dry
|
|
| Late Fry (SF) |
Very Late
|
Large
|
Dry
|
Paulk (SF) | Mid Season | Large | Dry | |
| Hall (SF) |
Early
|
Medium
|
Dry
|
Lane (SF) |
Early
|
Large
|
Dry
|
|
| Pam (F) |
Mid-Season
|
Medium-Large
|
Dry
|
|||||
| Magnolia (SF) |
Mid-Season
|
Small
|
Wet
|
F – female, SF – self-fertile